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港機工程系列 – 航空零件銷售篇 會計仔筆記

 http://accountboyhk.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=280648

以下既最終目的係想計有幾多sales material revenue, 希望大家跟到。

由於2004 時TAECO 既shareholding 只係49.6%,佢既staff cost 同 depreciation 都未包入total staff cost 同total depreciation條大數,只係用associates 既一條大數將個TAECO 既end profit lump 入去 group 既 P&L, 所以04 既depreciation 同staff cost 應該差唔多只係反映HAECO HK operations (excluding HAESL) 既 results。搞咁多野, 係因為廈門TAECO同HAECO HK 既cost structure 好唔同, 我唔想year to year comparison 時有大既distortion,唯有估HAECO HK operations 04至06年既cost structure 冇大變。

2004 年,HAECO HK既可售工時既成本係幾多?1151 staff cost /total headcount 3343/ 90% estimated production headcount proportion* heavy maintenance division headcount 1010 + 126 depr) / heavy maintenance division manhours 1.42 mhrs = $370/mhr

大家可能會以為,港機d capex 最貴係d 機器,其實唔係,根據05 A/R P.51,佢有土地192m,現有及興建中機器390m,樓宇及樓宇設備1847m,樓先係最貴, 依d 數據,係未計將軍澳HAESL 97摸項買既地同佢既其他fixed assets. 因為樓同地攤好耐,所以depreciation 咁細。

Recovery rate(即係d 人做幾個鐘先可bill 客一個鐘)又如何? 1.42m/ 250days /1010 persons / 9hrs per day = 62%

網上見到佢請維修員,要有mechanic cert,F5 with English pass,連OT 月入過萬,工頭萬多,engineer around 2萬,我唔熟其他行業,但同account 比,人工同charge out rate 同 non-big four 既中小型audit firm 應該差唔多,條數應該係計得合理的。

佢地每個manufacturing staff 個 charge rate per working hour = 370 * 0.62 = $230, 即係話如果以成本價bill 客, sales – staff headcount *effective holding %* 90% estimated manufacturing headcount proportion * HK$230/mhr * 250days/year *9 hrs/day得出黎既結果差唔多就係material revenue + subcontract fee + other revenue. 

                      Mhr revenue            Remainder                Total                                   HK$M                HK$M                       HK$M                     HAECO HK            890                    259                          1149

如果用去到最盡既unrealistic assumption, assume HAECO HK material sales = 0, 即係所有sales 都係manhour sales, 平均every incurred manhour (not billable manhour) charge rate 可以去到 $297/mhr, 我相信一定冇咁高。

如果我地用$297/mhr 依個charge rate 去計, 06 年interim 既manhour revenue 同 material revenue breakdown 如下:  

                                     Mhr revenue         Material revenue     Total                                              HK$M                    HK$M       HK$M

  • HAECO HK              1149                  0                      1149
  • HAESL                     103                 1048                   1151
  • TAECO                     560                 244                      804
  • Total exclude others  1812                 1292                   3104
  •  

HAESL 既shareholding % = 45%, TAECO = 54.6%, 因為sales 已經adjust holding proportion, headcount 冇,所以計material revenue 時要人手乘番shareholding %.

Material sales 即係件part cannot be repair/ too costly to repair 幫客買番件新part, 或者repair 過程既miscellaneous consumables charge 番個客, 依舊錢就係最無本生利既profit.

計算結果說明: HAESL有好大舊material sales, 大HAECO好多, 成個#44 group 既material sales proportion 至少有total revenue 既41%, 實數一定唔止, 因為我將個manhour 推到好高。 解釋係: 每日高速轉動既引擎損耗率高過機皮機翼好多,好大proportion 都醫唔番,或醫番既cost 同買過一件新既差唔多, 咁不如要件新既。

再睇番個net profit margin, 06 interim HAECO HK 係12.4% (143/1149), HAESL 係11% (126/1151),睇黎依d material sales 既margin 一d 都唔低,分分鐘比repair margin唔係低好多,所以,在未有TAECO 之前,HAESL果六百人一向都contribute 左#44 60-70% profit 就係咁解。

再睇埋#44 2004 stock, 34m, material sales 409m計,即係stock turnover days 30 days(hold stock 但唔計放入架機道但未整好既日子,依high tech 既野,我唔信佢夠膽hold 好多stock,如果一有 空難d specialist 話邊隻part 以後唔用得,或者客次次都唔駛換果件part 咪死再者依幾年既年報都冇見過佢做過stock provision,佢果34m stock 應該係常用既low risk野或low value consumables, 其他要換邊樣就買邊樣,全部按 based on contract % cost plus 計算。依個推論好重要,因為係佢同一般工業股最唔同既地方,一般工業股如果原材料如果漲價,會squeeze manufacturer  margin#44 因為業務獨特,好有可能係以cost plus 形式charge customer,如果原材料漲價佢個material margin 亦會水漲船高,如果鋼材跌價,英國通縮或歐洲航空業(計埋廉價航空急凍而令aero parts 跌價,#44 (主要係HAESL) 亦會受影響。同時,d repair parts 越貴, repair 相對買件新野就越抵,所以, #44 業績其實好受aero parts 價錢影響。

又要講下HAESL, 佢網業話佢係將軍澳工業村,TVB附近,係#44, 英國 Rolls Royce hold 45%, SIA 10%, 負責維修Rolls Royce design engine, 即係material part 買自designer Rolls Royce

可以想像到既係個客一買左架機如果係用Rolls Royce  engine, 一定要幫襯番Royce Rolls, RR  好大既定價能力,佢份年報話: ‘We are a leading power-systems company, operating in the civil and defence aerospace, marine and energy markets. We manufacture in 20 countries and serve customers in 150 countries.’ (http://www.rolls-royce.com/about/default.jsp原來佢係world market leader 黎。

依幾年鋼價係咁升,英國通脹又勁,以佢既price setting power, 冇理由唔不斷加價,既然佢唔怕你搵第間,歐洲果面 d 廉價航空又發展咁好唔襯勢賺多d就勢係假。 由於Rolls Royce 以無上權威年年加價,HAESL material margin 咪年年順勢上升law. 波音同Airbus  case, 應該都係大同小異。

 

有幾樣野可support aero parts 年年升價既估計:

1) HAECO HK最大既供應商唔係波音唔係Airbus, 而係Aero Inventory Plc,
http://ww7.investorrelations.co.uk/aero/FinancialReports.jsp 從既2005年報你會見到佢既Sales GBP 21M 升到43.6M, GP 就由1.9M 升到7.9M, GP ratio 9%升到19%

2) Royce rolls sales Aero Inventory  100 可見Aero Inventory 只係做簡單既野真正複雜既應該Royce Rolls, Boeing, Airbus 原廠設計者肥水不留別人田會自己做番d part 應該升得仲勁。 

不過Royce Rolls, Boeing 條數太大, group 左好多segment, 例如military 仲要分initial sales aftermarket sales, 無法好清楚咁睇到Civil aircraft engine aftermarket parts trend. 

3)Rolls Royce, Beoing, Airbus佢既巨無霸size, bargaining power 遠高過你d小客仔加價唔駛怕你

4) 航空業以安全行先,絕大部分航行公司會傾向幫襯原廠行貨,更加增強佢地既bargaining power

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