有了“身份證”,多交一毛多 綠色電力:“希望更多企業覺醒,主動使用”
來源: http://www.infzm.com/content/125762

2017年1月,空中俯瞰浙江省慈溪市周巷水庫和長河水庫水面上的“漁光互補”光伏發電項目。(東方IC/圖)
(本文首發於2017年7月6日《南方周末》)
包括中國本土企業和外國企業在華分公司,像蘋果這樣承諾在華使用100%可再生能源的企業已有43個。
“中國的可再生能源裝機逐年增加,成為全球第一。但是可再生能源不能完全上網,棄風棄光現象嚴重,很多都被浪費掉了,我們希望更多企業能覺醒,主動使用。”
2017年7月1日起,購買綠色電力的“身份證”——綠色電力證書,在除去原來已交的電費外,每度電還需要額外再出至少0.176元,以證明購買了綠色電力。
一想到開燈,深夜到家的尹莉有點欣喜。她剛剛花176.6元購買了來自河北省尚義二工地風電場、包含1000度電的風電綠證。
作為氣候組織員工,尹莉等待這一天很久了,這個環保機構一直推動企業使用可再生能源。
2017年7月1日起,對於“有情懷”又“不差錢”的單位和個人來說,在“中國綠色電力證書認購交易平臺”上購買綠色電力的“身份證”——綠色電力證書(以下簡稱綠證),即證明消費了綠色電力。
“綠證”制在2017年年初推出,目前已經發放了數百萬張綠證。截止到7月5日18點,共有822名認購者自願購買了1211個綠證。
無論是情懷還是責任,約占全球用電量一半的企業用戶在可再生能源使用中的表現舉足輕重。蘋果公司在2017年4月20日發布聲明,承諾在供應鏈、產品生產等過程中100%使用可再生能源。
據南方周末了解,包括中國本土企業和外國企業在華分公司,像蘋果這樣承諾在華使用100%可再生能源的企業已有43個。可再生能源的價格持續下降、綠證制度的執行,承諾的隊伍還在不斷擴大。
“中國企業的意識要落後一些”
100分的承諾不只是企業自己作出的表率,背後還有環保組織的推動。
2014年,環保機構氣候組織發起了一系列企業聯盟,其中就包括RE100(可再生電力100)。2015年前,已有荷蘭皇家電信集團、微軟等11個國際公司實現了100%使用可再生能源的目標。
這一聯盟聯合了管理資產額超過20.7萬億美元的679家企業及投資機構,多為全球知名企業。2015年底,應對氣候變化的《巴黎協定》通過之後,有更多公司加入了RE100項目。
“我們希望在消費端、在企業端能提升可再生能源在整個能源中的比例。”氣候組織RE100項目經理尹莉說,“中國的可再生能源裝機逐年增加,成為了全球第一。但是可再生能源不能完全上網,棄風棄光現象嚴重,很多都被浪費掉了,我們希望更多企業能覺醒,主動使用。”
截至2017年7月1日,全球有96家企業加入RE100項目,它們可再生電力需求總量相當於阿聯酋或荷蘭的用電量。
一直以來,加入的企業集中在歐盟,也有微軟、雀巢、耐克、惠普、星巴克等41家在華擁有分公司。2015年,遠大集團和億利集團的加入實現了中國本土企業零的突破。在全球的RE100之外,一些中國企業如老板電器、金鳳科技還參加了針對中國企業的China RE100項目,向100%進軍。
“比起全球的大型企業來說,中國企業的意識要落後一些,但正在覺醒。我們做的綠電消費意願消費調研發現,本土企業有消費需求,但是苦於沒有良好的獲取途徑。”尹莉說。
除了“自身帶電”的新能源公司,辦公室耗電為主的金融、電信、IT等服務業顯然更易作出承諾。全球加入RE100的企業四分之一以上來自金融業,包括高盛集團和多家銀行。電信服務行業離100%目標最近,已經實現了97%。
氣候組織希望BAT這樣的大型中國IT企業也能加入行列,甚至在將來引領中國的能源變革。
包括超市、食品和飲料公司、藥品零售商的日用消費品行業用電量最大,也離目標差距最大。“大型制造業的能源需求和耗電量很高,實現100%對他們來說相對更困難。”氣候組織的項目經理張文佺說。

2017年7月1日起,消費者在“中國綠色電力證書認購交易平臺”上購買綠色電力的“身份證”——綠色電力證書,即證明消費了綠色電力。(資料圖/圖)
對供應商同樣要求
各大企業達到100分的大限不盡相同。大多數企業將目標定在了2025年左右,億利和遠大則定在了2030年和2045年。
《RE100 2017年度報告》(以下簡稱《報告》)數據顯示,2015年這些企業在中國采購的可再生電力,大約占其在中國用電量的四分之一。
最有雄心的是蘋果公司,計劃在2018年底前讓7家中國大陸和臺灣供應商都使用100%可再生能源。
“蘋果的運營部門遍布全球,但中國的生產部門占據了很大的比例,這會影響它的全球戰略目標的完成。”尹莉向南方周末分析,“不同的目標年份是企業根據自身的情況預估的,包括用電水平和清潔能源的可獲得途徑。”
獨善其身還不夠,有的企業還擴展到了供應商。供應商生產占據了制造型企業用電的大部頭。據南方周末不完全了解,目前蘋果和宜家對中國的供應商提出了要求,很多公司提倡供應商使用可再生能源,但並未設置明確規定。
蘋果公司77%的排放量來自供應鏈。為蘋果生產用於iPhone手機的鋁外殼,以及塑料、矽膠和不銹鋼部件的美國捷普集團在四川、江蘇等省份獲得批準,可以直接從當地的風電電力公司購電,目前使用可再生能源已經達到67%。
然而,索爾維等蘋果的供應商公司均拒絕了采訪或沒有回複。
在2017年6月7日舉辦的第八屆清潔能源部長級會議的官方邊會上,蘋果全球供應鏈清潔能源項目負責人Katie Hill發言說:“我們先看當地有沒有清潔能源,然後再選址做數據中心。”數據中心用來在互聯網上傳遞、計算和存儲蘋果公司的數據信息,耗電量巨大。
除了設置明確要求,評估監督手段也同樣重要。宜家采購的可持續發展專員莊宏耀向南方周末介紹,可再生能源項目明確納入了供應商企業的評分指標,並定期通過供應商傳送的數據來評估該工廠的能源使用情況。
“天時地利人和”仍難100%
光有風力、太陽能這樣的“天時”發電還不夠,中國的電力市場開放度有限,企業無法直接向可再生能源電力公司購電。為了獲得更多的可再生能源,企業也使盡了渾身解數。
“人和”是最容易的方式。這些公司中,有的自身就有可再生能源項目。比如億利集團旗下的“生態光能產業”就包括在沙漠里的光伏發電、光熱發電和儲能技術等。據《報告》,億利2016年太陽能裝機容量達到330千兆瓦時。
宜家則在自己商場的屋頂安裝了太陽能薄膜電池板,至今全國有11家商場安裝,太陽能電池板相當於五個足球場的面積。
“人和”之外,還要依靠當地政府的“地利”。湖南省水電發達,供應的電力中水電約30%,購買市電的遠大就直接獲得了這30%比例的墊腳石。
宜家的兩家供應商都獲得了在自家屋頂安裝光伏板的政策支持。位於浙江紹興的供應商喜臨門集團公司向第三方公司出租了屋頂,設施也由第三方提供,太陽能產生的電力統一輸送進電網,喜臨門再以政府補貼後的8.5折價格買入。
宜家另一家供應商恩龍實業公司位於浙江嘉興的秀洲工業區,2013年當地政府推行分布式光伏產業政策,也挑選當地的第三方機構給企業工廠鋪設光伏板。
遇到了這麽好的政策,恩龍實業卻一度曾被卡在門外。因為並非所有的屋頂都可以安裝光伏板。除了采光網,屋頂還要給能源運輸留出線路,還要能承受臺風。恩龍實業的屋頂承重不合格、無法安裝采光網,公司最後決定投資170萬元,更換了兩家廠房的采光網。
除了初期投入這170萬,按照優惠政策折扣買電,後續的維護成本不高。“政府補貼力度比較大,參與這個項目只需要向政府交一些錢用於設備維護,我們的運營成本很低。”一直參與該項目的公司負責人朱偉妹告訴南方周末,“我們這個地區是城鄉接合部,使用了太陽能發電後,最大的區別就是以前限電、現在不限電。”
面積寬敞的廠房屋頂帶來了充足的發電量。自2014年正式啟用開始,公司冬天部分使用市電,夏天光照充足,發電量不僅完全覆蓋了用電量,還會有盈余的電輸入當地電網。
更大的手筆是在工廠所在地直接投資建設清潔能源基地。蘋果公司就與四川省展開了多項太陽能、風能基地建設合作。
但據氣候組織了解,像蘋果那樣在中國投資建設電站或者購買當地電力,全球也只此一家,“大部分其他的企業在中國一般不具備這樣的資源和開發實力。”尹莉分析說。
即便享有地利,想在中國實現100%可再生能源還有很大的門檻。
除了水電之外,遠大很難直接買到更遙遠的太陽能和風能。“輸配電技術目前發展很迅速,但遠距離送電的投資和線損,以及可再生電力的穩定性和可靠性也是我們擔心的。”遠大空調有限公司研發中心部長、理化實驗室主任陳伯鯤說道。
自家的屋頂顯然也不夠用。同是利用屋頂太陽能板發電,恩龍實業這樣的大規模廠房足夠發電覆蓋全部耗電量,喜臨門工廠的屋頂光伏僅能滿足25%左右的用電量。
據氣候組織分析,大多自己發電的企業發電量都無法覆蓋全部的用電量。
每度電多了至少0.176元
從全球經驗來看,依靠自有的可再生能源裝置也並非主流。在RE100成員企業中,僅占全球總量的0.5%來自自有裝置,且絕大多數在歐洲。
《報告》顯示,購買可再生能源或綠色電力證書最受歡迎,占全球可再生電力用電量的60%。這種方式使得多個總部位於美國的企業實現了100%的目標,並努力向直接采購過渡。
根據《報告》,進行反饋的55家會員企業2015年在中國采購的可再生電力中,87%也是通過可再生能源電力證書購買。
H&M中國區可持續發展的經理漢娜·哈琳向南方周末介紹,他們購買的就是國際認可的可再生能源證書I-REC,用於商店、辦公室和倉庫中的電力。同時,H&M也正在研究安裝太陽能電池板和直接購買綠色電力的機會。
“當你不擁有任何設施,並且是全國商業商場的租戶時,就必須找到可擴展的可再生能源解決方案。”漢娜·哈琳說。
I-REC證書是第三方機構認證的國際可再生能源證書,購買此證書即可證明進行了綠色能源消費。在出臺綠證之前,這是在中國為數不多的獲取可再生能源的途徑。企業往往通過購買這個證書來完成可再生能源發展目標。
各國相應的“綠證”體系都有所不同,中國剛剛啟動認購的綠證也是類似的制度,被寄予了很大的期待。
“綠證是現階段能夠幫助企業獲取可再生能源的最直接可得的手段。”尹莉說。
但作為一種間接的購電方式,綠證市場還不夠開放。
“根據碳減排市場的經驗,一開始的實驗階段,綠證市場交易量可能比較小,這需要一個適應期。”中國循環經濟協會可再生能源專委會政策研究主任彭澎說,“讓可再生能源電力更容易獲取,還需要逐步的電力市場改革才能做到。通過談判等過程,企業能獲得新的市場信息。”
目前,購買綠證對企業來說是額外的支出。綠證價格由買賣雙方協商或競價確認,再加上不能高於對應電量的補貼的規定,各地價格不一,目前風電綠證的價格從每千度176.6元一個到306.5元一個不等,太陽能價格更高。
這意味著消費者在除去原來已交的電費外,每度電還需要額外再出至少0.176元(根據成交當日風電綠證價格計算),以證明購買了綠色電力。
尹莉希望購電能像去超市買商品一樣便利,各種產品自由組合,還原電力的商品屬性。
“目前來看,風和光基本實現了平價上網,綠證的價格加上原來的電價,會慢慢趨近於原來的用能成本,甚至於說隨著風光發電技術提高,可能會出現成本反而減少。”尹莉說,“現階段的電價沒有體現煤電的環境代價、不代表政府和民眾沒有意識到煤電的環境代價。對企業長遠來說,也許購買綠色電力會更省錢。”
Webb公開身份證編號 富豪私隱大曝光
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GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:08:26http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130215/18165933
HKIDs and Government secrecy
12th February 2013
There's been a lot of attention recently on the proposed implementation of changes to the Companies Ordinance to allow the Companies Registry (CR) to withhold full HKID or passport numbers and "usual residential" addresses from public inspection at the registry.
Webb-site first wrote about the HKID issue back in 2010, when the Financial Services and Treasury Bureau had issued conclusions from its consultation on a draft Bill. The ordinance was amended last summer before the end of the 2007-12 session. The full ordinance can be found here. Now we have a new LegCo and the Government needs subsidiary legislation to map out the details, without which, this Division of the ordinance (Division 7 of Part 2, Sections 47-60) will presumably not be brought into effect. So on 2-Nov-2012 the Government published a consultation on the Companies (Residential Addresses and Identification Numbers) Regulation (CRAINR), amongst other things. The consultation closed on 14-Dec-2012, and conclusions have not yet been published.
So we still have a chance to stop it. Media articles in the last few months on the assets of families of state leaders (including Xi Jinping, Wen Jiabao and the 8 immortals) were facilitated by access to the CR, and that has brought this issue to global attention. Closer to home, sub-divided apartments held by a company owned by a HK official's wife have also been in the news. But there are much broader issues at stake, including the entire approach of the HK Government to access to information.
HKIDs should be seen, not hidden
In our 2010 article, we opposed the proposal to blank out the last 3 digits of ID numbers, because it makes it impossible to know for sure who you are dealing with. 1,000 people could have the same partial HKID, and in some cases, they will have the same name. Family names in HK, like Scottish clans, don't have a lot of variety, particularly when Romanised (there is a many-to-one relationship between Chinese characters and English words). Take out the Chans, Cheungs, Leungs and Wongs and you would be missing more than one third (24/70) of the Legislative Council. In mainland PRC, the top 3 family names cover 21% of the population, and many of them have only two characters in their name, such as "Li Wei", of whom we currently have 16 in Webb-site Who's Who (WWW), the leading public database on HK people.
Like any other culture, some given names are also quite popular. For example, we currently have 19 "Chan Chi Keung"s in WWW, of which 9 have no English given name, so they appear identical. The only way we can distinguish between them is using an identifier from another source, such as the SFC, where each licensee has a separate code. That doesn't help much though, because the same person could have been licensed with the HKMA, MPFA or insurance self-regulators, but he would have a different license number at each regulator. He might also have a disciplinary history as a licensed estate agent, a solicitor, or a certified public accountant. If all regulators published HKID numbers, then we would know whether we are looking at the same person. Without HKIDs, we are often unable to connect the dots and know for sure whether it is the same person or a different person with the same name.
As the Law Society put it in their submission in 2010 (page 4):
"Identification numbers should be recorded and disclosed in full as it is a unique piece of information for identifying a person; the name of a person is not. Persons with identical names are not uncommon. An identification number is not a reliable tool for authenticating the identity of a person in electronic or telephone transactions. Use of identification number for authentication purpose is itself a misuse and should be discouraged."
The Government, in its conclusions paper, said "the remaining digits (together with the name) should be sufficient to identify the individual persons". That directly contradicts the Government's own consultation paper of 17-Dec-2009, which said (p54):
"The option of masking 3 or 4 digits of an identification number would not serve the purpose of identifying a person as there are cases of persons with the same name having similar identity card numbers".
By treating HKIDs as secrets, the Government is encouraging the misuse of the HKID as an authenticator (particularly by phone) rather than an identifier, and thereby incentivising identity fraud. The Government should be doing the opposite, and requiring the service providers it regulates, such as telecoms and pay-TV providers, to find other ways to authenticate their customers.
The HKID index
The easiest way to stop abuse of HKIDs as authenticators would be to give clear notice that in say, two years' time, the full register of all HKIDs and the corresponding names will be published, so that nobody will rely on them as authenticators. Two years ought to be enough time for all commercial users to modify their systems to use more reliable authentication when dealing with customers by phone.
The Government should embark on a publicity campaign to remind people that HKIDs are not secrets and should not be used as authenticators. Through the Communications Authority, the HKMA and the SFC, Government can also require regulated service providers not to use ID numbers to authenticate people by phone or online. If they need to authenticate a customer by phone, they should ask the customer something that only she and the service provider would know, such as a pre-arranged password, or the balance on the last bill.
The Government should amend the Privacy Ordinance to make clear (if it isn't already) that an ID number is not a piece of personal data, it is an identifier. It does not in itself contain material personal information about a person, it merely identifies them.
The Government should also publish full HKID numbers alongside the name of any person it appoints to a statutory or advisory body. These posts are like directorships of companies, and the public has a right to know exactly who has been appointed, rather than just a common name (see this notice, for example - who is Wong Wai Man, or Chan Chi Hung?). The HKIDs can then be used at the CR, Land Registry and other public sources to know more about the person and check on any conflicts of interest. Regulators, likewise, should use HKID numbers in their online directories of licensees and in disciplinary matters. That includes the HKICPA, HKMA, SFC, MPFA, Medical Council, Estate Agents Authority and any other licensor you can think of.
We published our founder's ID number, P135143(9) back in 2010, to prove that this is not in any way a secret. Today, we are launching an index of HKIDs which are (or have been) available on the web, not behind any pay-wall, and not as a result of any security breach. There are over 1,100 people in that index, mostly still alive, including some well-known billionaires whose HKID numbers can readily be found online. Interestingly, the most popular prefix is "D", and the rarest is "Y". Judging from the names, it seems that persons born outside HK are more likely to have a P or an R (including some mainland arrivals), and the XA, XD, XE and XG series are almost exclusively non-Chinese but have been here for decades - possibly all before the handover, so perhaps those series are no longer issued.
We have compiled this index without (yet) paying to obtain data in the CR - but we reserve the right to do so. Filings with the CR are public filings, and the data are provided for the purposes of making them available for public inspection and identifying who the directors of companies are. You don't have to be a company director if you don't want to, but if you are, then the public has a right to know exactly who you are. You direct your company with its privilege of limited liability. The only reason that the CR data are not used more widely is the pay-wall that stands in the way.
Tear down that wall
The CR has a monopoly on filings from companies registered in HK. The Land Registry has a monopoly on the registration of real estate transactions. Each operates behind a pay wall, a pay-per-view document scheme which harks back to the days when providing copies of documents from the registries actually cost money, and involved counter service staff, acetate microfiches and reading rooms to enlarge, view and print said microfiches. In the 21st century though, the registries receive a lot of documents electronically, and those which are on paper are promptly scanned and digitised for internal records. The incremental cost of making all those files available for public search is nearly zero - just a matter of local bandwidth and software maintenance.
So there is no "user pays" excuse here. The greater public interest would be served by demolishing the pay-wall and opening the registries, and all their documents, to public access. In the words of Ronald Reagan in Berlin, "tear down this wall". A good example of this open access is the New Zealand Companies Registry, where all documents are online. They do have the complication that NZ has no national ID number scheme, so instead they distinguish between "John Smith"s by using their residential addresses. Another option would be to use dates of birth, to almost eliminate duplicates.
The CR makes a monopolistic profit. Accounts for the year to 31-Mar-2012 show that the CR had turnover of HK$483.2m and pre-tax profit of $257.6m, or 53% of turnover. Only $61.1m of turnover came from search and copying fees, so it would still have made a huge profit even if it charged nothing for searches. Incorporation fees, annual filing fees, and registration of charges (mortgages) amounted to $384.0m of turnover. So in fact the CR should cut those fees as well.
Meanwhile at the Land Registry, accounts for the year to 31-Mar-2012 show turnover of $426.8m, sharply reduced because of Special Stamp Duty which reduced transactions and filings, but still making a profit before tax of $116.5m, which was more than the search fees of $82.2m. In the previous year, turnover was $573.4m, with profit before tax of $242.2m and search fees of $100.9m. So in both years, the Land Registry would have made a profit without charging search fees.
Both registries are essential Government services and are natural monopolies. They should not be run for-profit but to cover their costs, including amortisation of infrastructure. The Basic Law calls for the Government to balance its budget, not rack up surpluses by abusing natural monopolies.
Regardless of that, the public interest calls for opening the registries and all their documents to free online search. For example, the controversy over the defaulted sales of luxury flats at 39 Conduit Road would have been avoided if it had been obvious, from looking at the online sale and purchase agreements, that each sale was to a shell company with only a 5% deposit. In effect, those shells were call options - if the value of the flats went down more than 5%, then the owner of the shell would walk away from the deal, and if not, then they would complete the purchase. The buyers and the developer knew that, but the public did not. Journalists had to pay to see each and every transaction agreement before they could build the picture.
Mistaken identity
Similarly, researching the assets and potential conflicts of interest by government officials, both from the mainland and HK, involves paying to see records of each company and property they are involved with - if you can identify them in the first place. In a first-hand example of why the use of HKIDs would improve transparency and reduce mistaken identity, we can tell you that on 18-Apr-2007, Ming Pao reported that Webb-site founder David Webb had sold a house in Mount Kellett Road for HK$75m, upon which he had made a profit of $12m. Nice story - but it wasn't us. The newspaper didn't bother to call us - they assumed that the property agents feeding them the story had got the correct David Webb. To our knowledge, there are at least three "David Webb"s in Hong Kong. Incidentally, the same house was resold in 2012 for HK$155m. If only we had held on to the house we didn't own to start with!
Now, if this story had been about the secret assets of a Chinese politburo member or a HK Chief Executive, he would probably have sued the newspaper for defamation. The risk of such mistaken identity is enough to intimidate the media into not reporting - there is a rule of thumb: "if in doubt, leave it out".
A media exemption would mean media controls
On 29-Jan-2013, after a meeting with Government, the HK News Executives Association said that the Government had suggested an exemption in the law for journalists. The fact that the Government even suggested such an exemption shows how little they have thought about the Basic Law issues at stake here. Yet they have clearly been planning it in some detail - each "media organisation" would be given its own password to access the HKIDs and residential addresses, but only if it was used for the purpose of news reporting. It is a blatant attempt to "buy off" opposition from the media, and we are glad that the Hong Kong Journalists Association has rejected this move outright.
A media exemption is completely unacceptable. Unlike in mainland China, where the Government controls all the media and censors free speech, Hong Kong has "freedom of speech, of the press and of publication" guaranteed by Article 28 of the Basic Law. There is no licensing scheme which says who is a journalist and who is not, and what is a media organisation and what is not, nor should there be (although there is still the antiquated Registration of Local Newspapers Ordinance). The grant of any privileged access would imply a licensing or recognition scheme which could become a tool to suppress the media. The ability to withdraw privileged access to the registries by revoking recognition of a journalist or organisation would mean that the Government had the ability to impede freedom of the media. Bloggers, freelance investigative journalists, and operators of independent sites like Webb-site, would have a particularly tough time. The Government could simply refuse to recognise someone as a "journalist" or "media". Members of the public who wanted to conduct their own research would be locked out.
The situation is bad enough already, in that the Government already releases some information via a Government News & Media Information System (GNMIS) that is not open to the general public, only to organisations lucky enough to receive a password. You will notice a complete absence of any "register here" button on the site that would allow you to sign up. GNMIS is a little known fact - you don't see regular media ever mentioning it, perhaps because they fear losing access. We believe the system is used, amongst other things, to give notice of media conferences at which new policies will be announced.
People working in private banks or IPO sponsors, seeking to do due diligence on their potential clients, would also have difficulty, as would businesses seeking to know more about their customers or suppliers. The result would be more money-laundering, fraud, corruption and conflicts of interest than is presently the case. So what next - will the Government propose exemption for all these categories? Who does that leave?
Addresses
We have sympathy with the proposal to allow display of a correspondence address rather than a "usual residential address". As long as a person has a designated correspondence address at which they can be sued (whether or not they are physically at that address) then we see no reason why that address should also be his home. It could even be a P.O. Box, because that is little different from the "virtual office" addresses that thousands of private companies use. The law can be clarified that the designated address is valid for any legal proceedings, and if the person then does not check his mail and has a judgment awarded against him in his absence, that is his choice.
Although there is very little, if any, evidence that the disclosure of residential addresses has been abused, it can be a personal security issue. People conducting investigative journalism might not like the idea that the people they criticise can find out where they and their children sleep at night. If you are a director of a news organisation or association, or a freelancer who directs your own company, then your residential address should be in the CR. That risk in turn might work against the public interest in a free and incisive media. If you are a director of a private bank who has just declined to open an account for a suspected triad, then your address is in the CR too.
However, we note that residential addresses are also available in other public documents. For example, the (mostly residential) addresses of candidates for election to the Election Committee, District Councils and the Legislative Council are published in the Gazette. There you will find the addresses of the CPPCC nominees to the Election Committee in 2011, including Leung Chun Ying, and here are the addresses of property tycoons. The full list of nominations is here.
What the Government should do
1.Abandon the proposal to restrict access to IDs in the CR.
2.Amend the draft subsidiary legislation to focus only on correspondence addresses, and simultaneously table amendments to repeal the provisions of the new Companies Ordinance relating to IDs.
3.Adopt a Government-wide policy of promoting the use of HKIDs to uniquely identify a person, including in appointments to Government boards and committees.
4.Require the HKMA, SFC, Estate Agents Authority, Medical Council, Dental Council and other regulators to include HKID numbers in public registers of licensees, and require that regulated service providers cannot use HKIDs to authenticate individuals by telephone.
5.Amend the privacy ordinance to clarify that identifiers, including HKIDs and passport numbers, are not personal data.
6.Tear down the pay-walls and open the Companies Registry and Land Registry to free online access for all data and documents.
If the Government does all of the above, then it will promote HK as a fairer, more transparent and open economy, and at the same time reduce fraud, corruption and money-laundering.
© Webb-site.com, 2013
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GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:08:39http://webb-site.com/dbpub/HKIDindex.asp
ID 號碼
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GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:09:02http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20130215/00176_040.html
「股壇長毛」揭富豪個人資料
再有人公開挑戰公司法的查冊限制,有「股壇長毛」之稱的獨立股評人David Webb日前就在其網站中發表文章,抨擊政府修例限制公眾查閱公司註冊紀錄的董事個人資料,並在網站公開一千一百五十名市民身份證號碼以示抗爭,當中包括一眾富豪,如恒基地產主席「四叔」李兆基、新鴻基地產聯席主席郭炳江、東亞銀行主席李國寶及電訊盈科主席李澤楷等。
包括李兆基李國寶李澤楷
David Webb指有關資料均從網上公開途徑中免費取得,包括由美國證券交易委員會網站、港府憲報等。David Webb在其網站解釋,由於擁有相同中國姓名的人數眾多,而且重複,難以單從姓名來核實公司董事身份,故身份證號碼可作為核實身份的憑據,他又不認同公開身份證號碼代表披露該人士更多具敏感性資料的私隱,而這類核實過程對商業機構及監管機構尤其重要。
David Webb促棄限查冊
他同時又建議港府放棄限制市民查冊,尤其是不應限制查閱登記冊上的身份證號碼等資料;另又建議修改有關的附屬法例,不應只是使用通訊地址登記,還要有其他地址資料。
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GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:09:52http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130215/18165933
【惡法阻查冊】
【本報訊】政府修例限制公眾查閱公司董事身份證號碼等個人資料,有「股壇長毛」之稱的獨立股評人David Webb發動網上抗爭,近日在網站發佈「身份證號碼索引」(The HKID Index),公開包括李澤楷、郭炳江、李國寶等1,150名市民的身份證號碼。個人資料私隱專員公署擔心資料落入不法之徒手中。Webb反駁,資料全部從網上公開途徑免費取得。政府限制公眾查冊,反而助長行騙、貪污和洗黑錢。
記者:白琳 張嘉雯
該批網上資料冊的來源,主要來自美國證券交易委員會網站、港府憲報的清盤人資料等。長實副主席李澤鉅、電訊盈科主席李澤楷及新地聯席主席郭炳江等人都榜上有名,他們的英文全名及身份證號碼一目了然。
政府變相鼓勵犯罪
Webb上月底發起身份證號碼公開大行動,呼籲網民在Twitter貼出自己的身份證號碼,以抗議政府限制公司查冊。Webb指出,外國傳媒早前透過本港查冊,揭發中共領導人習近平及溫家寶家族的身家,現時港府修訂《公司條例》,限制公眾查冊已成國際新聞,「我們還有機會阻止」。
他今次的抗爭,反映身份證號碼極容易取得,只能用作「辨識」身份,根本不適宜讓銀行或電訊商等公司用來「驗證」客戶,「政府視身份證號碼為私隱,只會鼓勵業界繼續以此作驗證用途,變相鼓勵犯罪」。
Webb促請政府要求業界改用其他驗證方法,例如私人密碼,杜絕不法之徒濫用身份證號碼。他建議政府把全民身份證號碼變成公開資料,設兩年過渡期給業界轉換驗證系統,並修改私隱條例,把身份證號碼剔除私隱之列。政府公佈公職人員名單也應附上身份證號碼,以便公眾追查其公司及物業交易紀錄,確保沒利益衝突。此舉也令傳媒有效辨識目標人物身份,避免報道出錯。
個人資料私隱專員公署發言人表示,任何人或機構收集個人資料,須告知當事人收集資料目的,縱使某些身份證號碼可公開取得,但仍屬個人資料,「任意」讓公眾查閱,未必與當初收集資料原意相關。
非牟利用途無違法
署理個人資料私隱專員張如萌警告,身份證號碼現時常用作識別個人身份真偽,獨一無二和高度敏感,須加以保護。假若身份證號碼連同姓名落入不法之徒手中,「將大大增加犯罪風險」。警方前年處理104宗使用他人身份證的罪案。
民主黨立法會議員涂謹申表示,Webb並無違反私隱條例。八達通事件後,政府修訂私隱條例,規定直銷活動公司使用或轉移資料須獲當事人同意,今年4月生效。不過Webb的抗爭非作牟利用途,不受新例規管,加上其網站與傳媒類似,而使用資料作新聞用途已獲條例豁免。
本報向長實、恆基、新鴻基地產及電訊盈科,查詢上述遭公開身份證號碼的人士會否向私隱專員求助或要求David Webb刪除有關資料。但至截稿前只有李澤楷透過公關公司表示不予評論。
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GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:10:50http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130215/18165936
【本報訊】獨立股評人David Webb在個人網站公佈城中富豪的身份證號碼。為了證明身份證號碼不是私隱,他刻意不採用要付費的公司查冊系統,改為透過多種免費渠道,找出他們的身份證號碼與住址,包括美國證券交易委員會查冊系統(EDGAR System)、廉政公署的《被通緝人士名冊》、政府憲報和香港聯交所「披露易系統」。
政府網站需繳費查閱
David Webb披露逾千名人資料,大部份都是採用美國證券交易委員會的免費查冊系統。該系統相當完善,市民在公司搜尋一欄只需輸入美國上市公司名稱,便找到1994年至今的重要文件,例如董事變更。文件也會記載董事的香港身份證號碼和住址,記者嘗試搜尋東亞銀行(The Bank of East Asia),即成功找到董事的香港身份證和住址,效果等同要付費的公司註冊處查冊,但搜索並不適用於未有在美國上市的公司。
Webb也從本港多個免費渠道「搵料」,包括港交所「披露易系統」。公眾人士只要輸入上市公司名稱,即可獲得公司董事名單和公司資料報表,如新增董事;公司亦需提交新董事履歷表和在其他公司擔任董事職位資料,但不提供董事的身份證號碼和住址。
廉政公署執法欄目有《被通緝人士名冊》,公開被通緝人士的身份證號碼、護照號碼、職業、出生日期和相片,提供最詳細的資料,現時有31位通緝人士資料在冊。
政府一站通提供憲報搜索,市民可翻查2000年起政府公告,政府機構要遵照條例公開公司資料,例如公司註冊處按《放債人條例》,在憲報公開財務公司地址,但財務公司其他資料,仍需在公司註冊處放債人註冊小組繳付17元查閱。
公司法專題
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/apple/index/16635518
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GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:12:58http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130215/18165938
【特稿】
現時公眾查閱註冊公司資料,須向公司註冊處付費,該處上年度收益達4.3億元。David Webb指出,新西蘭政府早已網上公開註冊公司董事個人資料,免費讓公眾查閱。港府不但沒有順應國際潮流,反而進一步限制公眾查冊,港人反對修例之餘,也應推倒這道收費高牆(tear down that wall)。由於新西蘭沒全國統一的身份證號碼系統,公司董事註冊只能以住址及出生日期辨識,只要在當地政府公司註冊網頁輸入董事名字,所有同名人士的註冊紀錄均一目了然。
Webb反對政府提出遮蓋身份證號碼最尾三個數字或只容許傳媒等個別界別查冊,指建議「完全不能接受」。字母連首三個數字相同的組合涉及1,000人,不能用作辨識身份;給予個別傳媒機構特權查閱資料,亦對博客和獨立記者不公。
《蘋果》記者
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GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:13:39http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130215/18165939
【本報訊】新《公司條例》推手、公司註冊處前處長鍾悟思(Gordon Jones)公開向政府「開火」,暗指新例限制查冊,縱容公司董事有權無責,公司執笠可以全身而退,卻連公開部份個人資料予公眾監察都嚴限,影響香港作為國際金融中心的地位。他認為身份證號碼是董事獨一無二的識別碼,並非機密,應該公開。
2008年退休的鍾悟思,是公司法重寫的推手;退休後,當局就附屬條例向公眾諮詢,鍾兩度提交書面意見,反對限制查冊,理據是香港情況與英國不同,未曾有董事受嚴重滋擾;而在香港同名同姓非常普遍,限制取覽身份證號碼會剝削公眾唯一查證個人身份的途徑,並會讓不誠實的人逃避債權人;惟意見未獲採納。
他今日在報章撰文,重申上述理據,批評當局未有考慮公司董事應權責一致,他指出,有限公司董事毋須承擔一旦公司倒閉所衍生的責任,理應公開部份個人資料讓公眾監察作為代價,又指當局諮詢文件內容「非常惹人誤解(very misconceived)」。
「風險轉嫁畀巿民」
鍾在文章批評支持收緊查冊的商會並不中立,相反,認為應維持現有做法的團體,包括銀行公會及香港會計師公會等,均屬監督公司及處理企業詐騙的重要組織。
他進一步批評本港容許私人公司擔任董事,這類公司毋須提交經審核賬目,非常不透明和難以問責,即使新條例要求私人公司委任至少一名自然人任董事,但若這名董事毋須披露個人住址及完整身份證號碼,公司透明度只會下降。
財經事務及庫務局發言人未有正面回應私人公司提交審計賬目的安排,只表示新例參照英國《2006年公司法》,訂明其他私人公司均須有至少一名屬自然人的董事。
反對限制查冊的香港記者協會主席麥燕庭稱鍾是「良心官員」,希望當局聆聽前人意見,「你(董事)以有限責任,毋須上身咁去搵錢,而呢個搵錢嘅風險轉嫁咗畀巿民,一旦公司執笠,董事毋須上身,所以你係需要負番嗰個有限度嘅責任,就係要俾人哋access你啲資料;但新諮詢文件,完全冇提呢樣嘢」。
公司註冊處前處長鍾悟思文章重點
1.公司董事毋須承擔公司倒閉的所有財務責任,有權利亦應有義務公開部份個人資料,讓公眾監察
2.身份證號碼是董事獨一無二的識別碼,不屬機密
3.支持收緊查冊的商會不中立,相反,支持現有做法的團體,包括銀行公會、香港會計師公會、香港律師會等,均屬監督公司及處理企業詐騙的重要組織
4.政府諮詢文件非常令人誤解
5.英國有董事曾受愛護動物組織成員滋擾,但香港未曾出現類似情況
6.本港容許私人公司擔任董事,私人公司毋須提交經審核賬目,若私人公司委任的個人董事也毋須披露個人資料,公司的透明度將進一步下降
資料來源:鍾悟思文章
公司法專題
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/apple/index/16635518
8 :
GS(14)@2013-02-15 11:13:48http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130215/18165941
【本報訊】公司註冊處前處長鍾悟思不單是重寫公司法的推手,更是網上查冊功臣,在公司註冊處擔任主管的14年間推動該處電腦化,在2005年2月推出電子搜尋服務,至2008年5月正式退休。
鍾悟思1973年畢業於牛津大學,隨即加入香港政府擔任行政主任;1993年5月起出任公司註冊處處長;於2000年初和2004年分別完成公司法改革常務委員會的公司條例檢討及企業管治檢討。
61歲的鍾悟思,離職前接受《香港證券》訪問,表明自己是重寫公司條例的骨幹成員之一,認為有關工作是非常重大的成就,是確保香港今後作為主要國際商務與金融中心的關鍵因素,但他擔心部份內容被淡化,「既得利益者當利益受損時會提出反對,尤其是涉及董事條文,他們在立法會中具有非常強大的游說力」,惟未有指明涉及那些條文。
公司法專題
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/apple/index/16635518
9 :
Dict(36611)@2013-02-15 18:27:30對我地這些蟻民查資料會有什麼影響?
很多人會用身份証做密碼, 可能是一個問題
10 :
自動波人(1313)@2013-02-15 19:39:439樓提及
對我地這些蟻民查資料會有什麼影響?
很多人會用身份証做密碼, 可能是一個問題
一禁唔俾查,連傳媒都查唔到
用身份証做密碼係自己問題.....
11 :
VA(33206)@2013-02-15 20:07:48我覺得佢用呢個方法玩大左
不過典解冇䛋哥嘅id?
12 :
Dict(36611)@2013-02-15 21:15:0311樓提及
我覺得佢用呢個方法玩大左
不過典解冇䛋哥嘅id?
我又覺得玩大D好, 多D人注意壓力才大, 多人討論先會有好結果
13 :
greatsoup38(830)@2013-02-16 13:15:3512樓提及
11樓提及
我覺得佢用呢個方法玩大左
不過典解冇䛋哥嘅id?
我又覺得玩大D好, 多D人注意壓力才大, 多人討論先會有好結果
就玩大佢,一人一信投訴私隱專員公署,Webb的ID 有無留影
14 :
greatsoup38(830)@2013-02-16 13:15:41刪幾多貼幾多
15 :
passby(15493)@2013-02-17 00:59:0013樓提及
12樓提及
11樓提及
我覺得佢用呢個方法玩大左
不過典解冇䛋哥嘅id?
我又覺得玩大D好, 多D人注意壓力才大, 多人討論先會有好結果
就玩大佢,一人一信投訴私隱專員公署,Webb的ID 有無留影
有得搞,但向邊個投訴?
16 :
greatsoup38(830)@2013-02-17 10:46:1015樓提及
13樓提及
12樓提及
11樓提及
我覺得佢用呢個方法玩大左
不過典解冇䛋哥嘅id?
我又覺得玩大D好, 多D人注意壓力才大, 多人討論先會有好結果
就玩大佢,一人一信投訴私隱專員公署,Webb的ID 有無留影
有得搞,但向邊個投訴?
私隱專員公署
17 :
passby(15493)@2013-02-17 22:00:16同警察投訴警察?
無用ga喎
18 :
GS(14)@2013-02-18 21:33:0017樓提及
同警察投訴警察?
無用ga喎
群眾壓力
19 :
greatsoup38(830)@2013-02-22 00:48:27http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130221/18171890
【本報訊】個人資料私隱專員公署對David Webb的身份證號碼索引展開「循規審查」,又指滙集已公開的身份證號碼供人查閱或觸犯私隱條例。Webb昨去信公署,批評公署說法等於資訊封鎖,令香港大陸化,「在香港圍起資訊防火牆,離內地的防火長城僅一步之遙」。
獨立股評人David Webb從網上免費收集逾千名富豪及市民的身份證號碼,製成網上索引讓公眾查閱,上周接獲公署審查通知後感到受「恐嚇」,暫時抽起索引。Webb昨書面回覆公署的查詢,同時在網上公開信件。
日後或篩選瀏覽者IP
現時彭博商業周刊及維基百科等多個海外大型網站,公開大量名人的個人資料。Webb指出,若公署說法成立,港人經這些網站收集資料,即受私隱條例規管。內地封鎖敏感網站的荒謬情景將會在香港出現,日後海外網站或須篩選瀏覽者的IP位址,專門封鎖港人並發出警告:「對不起……我們不能確定你使用本站的個人資料是否符合當事人意願,因此你不能瀏覽本站。」
Webb指出,私隱條例理應只規管向當事人收集個人資料,藉以提供服務的公司,使用已公開的個人資料不應受規管,也毋須向當事人徵求同意,否則只會踐踏言論及出版自由。
Webb要求公署盡快澄清,以便他重新上載身份證號碼索引。對於公署早前指去年有約100宗使用他人身份證罪案,Webb直指公署誤導,因此統計包括盜用他人身份證,與身份證號碼索引無關。
20 :
passby(15493)@2013-02-22 04:19:35香港無david webb真係收得皮
21 :
greatsoup38(830)@2013-02-23 11:22:21壓他們啦