若A公司購入 49% B公司,作價以淨資產釐定,並假設A公司有足夠現金購入B公司。 那報表並無變化(當中49為會由現金變作聯營公司權益),負債比率是25%(20 / 80 x 100%)。
若A公司購入 51% B公司,作價以淨資產釐定,並假設A公司有足夠現金購入B公司。
報表的資產變作1,049 (100-51 +1,000),負債變作920(20+900),淨資產仍是80,剩下的列作少數股東權益,即49(100 x 49%)。
那負債比率變為1,161.25% (920/80x 100%)。
到B公司賺1,000元的時候,雖然購入51%及49%賺錢的差別隻是20元(1000 x 51%-49%),但報表的數字會變成(假設A公司無賺錢,此外B公司賺的錢都在資產上體現):
49%方法: 資產590(聯營公司權益100+1,000 x 49%),負債20,淨資產570元,負債比率3.51%(20/570 x 100%)。
51%方法: 資產2,049(1,049 + 1,000),負債無變化,仍為900,淨資產變作590,少數股東權益變作539((100 + 1,000) x 49%),負債比率為152.54%(900/590 x 100%)。
由此可見,負債大的公司不併入報表,會起到美化報表的作用,令負債率降低。
如旗下附屬公司,負債大,淨資產少,最好方法,都是分為3方持有,這樣自身借到錢,旗下公司都借到錢。
clclc兄稱:
湯兄, IAS27 改了例, 介定是 Subsidiary Company or Associate Company 入賬方式, 不再隻是單純看股份比例, 而是看 控制權 ( Control ).
ISA 27 CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
[IAS 27.13] Identification of Subsidiaries
Control is presumed when the parent acquires more than half of the voting rights of the enterprise. Even when more than one half of the voting rights is not acquired, control may be evidenced by power:
1) ver more than one half of the voting rights by virtue of an agreement with other investors; or
2) to govern the financial and operating policies of the other enterprise under a statute or an agreement; or
3) to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; or
4)to cast the majority of votes at a meeting of the board of directors